Though flowerless, ferns are extremely popular houseplants. The finer foliage ferns must rank among the oldest of houseplants, and they are as popular today as they were in the other heyday of indoor plants, the Victorian era. There are some varieties with silver variegation to their foliage, but the vast majority are grown and enjoyed for their cool, soft greenery. There are course foliage ferns although it's fair to say that these have large rather then course fronds.
The family consists of many different varieties with common characteristics. Ferns can be bought in many sizes, but, whatever their size, they will grow at a prodigious pace, given suitable conditions. Small plants, therefore, can be just as good a buy as large ones. Check any plant over carefully the leaves should be fresh and green. Any plant with dry and shrivelled foliage should be passed over, although browning of leaf ends is only a sign that the plant was allowed to become too dry at sometime and is not, in itself, a reason not to buy it.
Light and Position
Most ferns prefer a fairly shady location, and will deteriorate quickly if exposed to strong sunlight. They do not care for sudden changes in condition and adhor draughts and even those which like warm temperatures should not be placed near heating appliances.
Temperature Range
There are a great number of different ferns and as a group they cover quite a wide range of preferred temperatures. In general, fine foliage ferns, such as nephrolepis and pteris need intermediate conditions of 13-18 degrees centigrade (55-65F). The ferns with coarser foliage, such as the platyceriums, require more warmth, in a range of 15-21 degrees centigrade (60-70F). Some ferns are quite hardy but are happiest in a humid atmosphere.
Watering
The fern houseplant enjoys moisture on the foliage and can be sprayed quite generously. Watering should be frequent to help maintain humidity, but the plant container should not be allowed to become waterlogged. Avoid over watering especially in lower temperatures.
Feeding
Feed the plants with weak liquid fertilizer at every watering while they are active and producing new foliage. Little or no food is needed in the winter months.
Seasonal Care
The plants must be kept moist throughout the year and may prefer to be given rainwater, especially the course leaf varieties. Although you must guard against overwatering, it is also important to take care that the roots are not allowed to dry out. Thorough cleaning in the centre of each plant during autumn will reduce problems with rotting leaves which clog the plant and make it unsightly.
Soil
An open, peaty mixture is essential to the well-being of all types of ferns. The containers must be well-drained and a plant which is newly potted should be wetted mainly on the leaves and the soil kept only just moist. Some varieties, notably the platycerium, like to be rooted in bark. Do this by wrapping the roots in sphagnum moss soaked with liquid fertilizer. Watering is then done by plunging the roots into water (rainwater for preference) then repeat once the plant has dried out a little.
Varieties
Three of the best indoor ferns are;
Nephrolepis Exaltata is a splendid specimen, recognized by its distinctive feathery appearance. It is seen at its best growing in hanging baskets or in a large pot positioned on a pedestal. The best known variety is the Boston Fern. The fronds can grown to a length of 6ft (2m).
Adiantum Capillus-Veneris or the 'Venus Hair' is one of the best known of all the types of indoor ferns. The triangular green fonds are comprised of fan-shaped fragile pinnae. Though the Venus Hair likes a humid atmosphere, take care not to overwater it.
Microlepia Speluncia is a new coarse fern raised in Holland. It should always be treated in the same way as the nephrolepis ferns. They grow well in normal room temperatures, though the roots must never be allowed to become dry. Cut out any rogue fronds if they appear. This is a sign that the variety is reverting to the base species.
Pests and Diseases
FAQ's
Can ferns live inside?
Ferns, like all plants, will thrive inside if they are given the correct care. Ferns enjoy high humidity areas, such as bathrooms, but keep them well away from bright light, hot sunny windows, radiators and other heat sources. Also consider using a pebble tray to increase moisture and humidity levels.
Should you mist ferns?
Misting ferns is a good idea to increase humidity but will need to be done several times a day to see the benefits.
Do indoor ferns die in the winter?
Indoor ferns won't die during the winter but growth will slow or they may go completely dormant. Remember to adjust the watering and feeding schedule to prevent any problems.
Do ferns come back every year?
Some ferns are deciduous and others are evergreens but all are perennials, making them a great plant to enjoy for many years.
What does Epsom salt do for ferns?
Ferns love epsom salts, the extra magnesium will help to produce lush and rich dark green leaves. One tbsp per gallon of water is ideal.